A Review of Cyber Security and Cyber-Attacks – What to Know?

Mr.Shairoze Malik

Abstract

In this era, human activities have seen a shift and our majority activities including social, cultural,
economic and even governmental and NGOs are being done in the cyberspace, especially during and
after the crisis of corona pandemic. Due to this shift in communication culture, many individuals and
organizations including governments have to face cyber-attacks. Due to heavy reliance on
technology and little awareness, defending against cyber-attacks is very challenging. Cyber attacks
are usually conducted with the goal of harming an organization or individual financially or these
attacks may also be motivated for political or military purposes. Viruses, malwares, ransomwares,
denial-of-service and phishing attacks are some of the examples. To protect themselves,
organizations employ variety of strategies to mitigate or prevent the threat of these attacks. To
prevent and mitigate cyber-attacks, researchers and professionals have devised a number of
techniques. This paper is written to thoroughly study and analyze these various approaches and
proposed cybersecurity standards, and also to look into the problems, limitations and strengths of
these techniques. Fundamental concepts of cyber-attacks and cyber security are discussed along
with the current advancements and upcoming trends in security of cyber space. Such a
comprehensive review paper would be highly beneficial.